Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI hurt | ||
| NegativeI don’t hurt |
Conjugation
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
Past
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI hurt | ||
| NegativeI didn’t hurt |
Te-form
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formhurting, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am hurting | ||
| Please (て ください)please hurt |
Potential
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can hurt | ||
| NegativeI can’t hurt |
Want to
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to hurt | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to hurt |
Volitional
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s hurt |
Conditional
条件形 · “if” and “when”
- If (ば) if I hurt
- If, when (たら) if I hurt
Commands and requests
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
- Do it (なさい) hurt (do it)
- Plain command hurt!
- Please don’t please don’t hurt
Passive and causative
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| PassiveI am hurt | ||
| CausativeI make someone hurt |
How to use いたむ
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
-
Present and future
あめ の ひ は ふるい きず が いたみます。
On rainy days my old wound aches.
-
Past
ひとばん じゅう、 は が いたんだ。
My tooth ached all night.
-
Te-form
こし が いたんで、 たてません。
My back hurts and I can't stand up.
-
Potential
いたむ とき は、 この くすり が のめます。
When it hurts, you can take this medicine.
-
Want to
いたまない うち に、 は を なおしたい。
I want to get my tooth fixed before it starts hurting.
-
Volitional
いたむ なら、 びょういん に いこう。
If it hurts, let's go to the hospital.
-
Conditional
また いたんだら、 すぐ れんらく して ください。
If it hurts again, please contact me right away.
-
Commands and requests
いたむ ところ を むり に うごかさないで ください。
Please don't force the sore spot to move.
-
Passive and causative
むね が いたむ ニュース が ながされた。
Heart-breaking news was broadcast.
Good to know
- いたい, the adjective, is what people say most: あたま が いたい; いたむ is the verb, for a dull steady ache.
- An ache is not something you decide, so the potential, want, volitional, imperative and passive sentences show いたむ beside another verb.
Verbs like this one
The same pattern, on other verbs: godan verb (u-verb).