Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI take part | ||
| NegativeI don’t take part |
JAPANESE VERB
参加 する
to take part
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI take part | ||
| NegativeI don’t take part |
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI took part | ||
| NegativeI didn’t take part |
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formtaking part, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am taking part | ||
| Please (て ください)please take part |
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can take part | ||
| NegativeI can’t take part |
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to take part | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to take part |
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s take part |
条件形 · “if” and “when”
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| PassiveI am taken part | ||
| CausativeI make someone take part |
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
まいとし まち の まつり に さんか します。
Every year I take part in the town festival.
せんしゅう えいご の ワークショップ に さんか した。
Last week I took part in an English workshop.
つま は ボランティア に さんか して います。
My wife takes part in volunteer work.
だれでも むりょう で さんか できます。
Anyone can take part, for free.
らいねん は とうきょう マラソン に さんか したい。
Next year I want to run the Tokyo Marathon.
にちようび の りょうり きょうしつ に さんか しよう。
Let's join the cooking class on Sunday.
さんか すれば、 きねんひん が もらえます。
If you take part, you get a souvenir gift.
ねつ が ある なら、 しあい に さんか しないで ください。
If you have a fever, please don't take part in the match.
かいしゃ は しゃいん ぜんいん を けんしゅう に さんか させた。
The company made all its employees attend the training.
The same pattern, on other verbs: する verb.