Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI borrow | ||
| NegativeI don’t borrow |
JAPANESE VERB
かりる
借りる
to borrow
- #124 most used
- Ichidan verb (ru-verb)
Conjugation
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
Past
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI borrowed | ||
| NegativeI didn’t borrow |
Te-form
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formborrowing, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am borrowing | ||
| Please (て ください)please borrow |
Potential
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can borrow | ||
| NegativeI can’t borrow |
Want to
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to borrow | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to borrow |
Volitional
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s borrow |
Conditional
条件形 · “if” and “when”
- If (ば) if I borrow
- If, when (たら) if I borrow
Commands and requests
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
- Do it (なさい) borrow (do it)
- Plain command borrow!
- Please don’t please don’t borrow
Passive and causative
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| PassiveI am borrowed | ||
| CausativeI make someone borrow |
How to use かりる
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
-
Present and future
としょかん で ほん を かります。
I borrow books from the library.
-
Past
せんげつ、 えき の ちかく に へや を かりた。
Last month I rented a flat near the station.
-
Te-form
トイレ を かりて も いい です か？
May I use your toilet?
-
Potential
ここ で じてんしゃ が かりられます か？
Can I rent a bicycle here?
-
Want to
しゅうまつ に くるま を かりたい。
I want to rent a car at the weekend.
-
Volitional
おもい から、 カート を かりよう。
It's heavy, let's get a trolley.
-
Conditional
かさ を かりれば、 ぬれません よ。
If you borrow an umbrella, you won't get wet.
-
Commands and requests
ひと の もの を だまって かりないで ください。
Please don't borrow people's things without asking.
-
Passive and causative
よみたい ほん は だれか に かりられて いました。
The book I wanted had been borrowed by someone.
Good to know
- かりる is also to rent a flat or a car: へや を かりる.
Where you hear かりる
The lessons that teach a form of it, and how they say it.
Japanese · Beginner Level 2
- よく としょかん で ほん を かります。 I often borrow books from the library.
- はる さん に かさ を かりました。 I borrowed an umbrella from Haru.
- あした、 くるま を かります。 Tomorrow I'll borrow a car.
Japanese · Beginner Level 3
- としょかん で よく ほん を かります。 I often borrow books at the library.
- スキー の みせ で ブーツ を かりました。 I rented boots at the ski shop.
- あした、 じてんしゃ を かります。 Tomorrow I'll rent a bicycle.
Verbs like this one
The same pattern, on other verbs: ichidan verb (ru-verb).