Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI am the best | ||
| NegativeI am not the best |
JAPANESE VERB
限る
to be the best, nothing beats; to be limited to
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI am the best | ||
| NegativeI am not the best |
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI was the best | ||
| NegativeI was not the best |
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formbeing the best, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am being the best | ||
| Please (て ください)please be the best |
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can be the best | ||
| NegativeI can’t be the best |
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to be the best | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to be the best |
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s be the best |
条件形 · “if” and “when”
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Passive | ||
| Causative |
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
さむい よる は、 なべ に かぎります。
On a cold night, nothing beats hot pot.
あの ころ は、 りょこう と いえば おんせん に かぎった。
In those days, when it came to travel, nothing beat a hot spring.
いそがしい ひ に かぎって、 でんわ が おおい。
Just on the busy days, the phone never stops.
さんかしゃ は、 かいいん に かぎれます か?
Can participants be limited to members?
しょうたい する ひと は、 かぞく に かぎりたい。
I'd like to limit the invitations to family.
もうしこみ は、 ひとり いっかい に かぎろう。
Let's limit applications to one per person.
にんずう を かぎれば、 ゆっくり はなせます。
If we limit the numbers, we can talk at leisure.
はつげん は、 ひとり さんぷん に かぎりなさい。
Limit each speaker to three minutes.
この わりびき は、 がくせい に かぎられて いる。
This discount is limited to students.
The lessons that teach a form of it, and how they say it.
The same pattern, on other verbs: godan verb (u-verb).