Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI pass | ||
| NegativeI don’t pass |
Conjugation
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
Past
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI passed | ||
| NegativeI didn’t pass |
Te-form
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formpassing, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am passing | ||
| Please (て ください)please pass |
Potential
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can pass | ||
| NegativeI can’t pass |
Want to
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to pass | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to pass |
Volitional
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s pass |
Conditional
条件形 · “if” and “when”
- If (ば) if I pass
- If, when (たら) if I pass
Commands and requests
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
- Do it (なさい) pass (do it)
- Plain command pass!
- Please don’t please don’t pass
Passive and causative
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| PassiveI am passed | ||
| CausativeI make someone pass |
How to use たつ
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
-
Present and future
たのしい じかん は はやく たちます ね。
Fun times pass quickly, don't they?
-
Past
にほん に きて、 もう さんねん たった。
It's been three years since I came to Japan.
-
Te-form
じかん が たって、 だいぶ おちつきました。
Time has passed and I've calmed down a lot.
-
Potential
にじゅっぷん たった から、 もう たべられる よ。
Twenty minutes have gone, so it's ready to eat.
-
Want to
じかん が たつ の も わすれて、 ほん を よみたい。
I want to read a book and lose track of time.
-
Volitional
もう すこし じかん が たって から、 きめよう。
Let's decide after a bit more time has passed.
-
Conditional
いっしゅうかん たてば、 けっか が わかります。
In a week, we'll know the results.
-
Commands and requests
さんぷん たったら、 ひ を とめなさい。
When three minutes are up, turn off the heat.
-
Passive and causative
じかん が たつ の は はやい と よく いわれる。
People often say time flies.
Good to know
- This たつ is for time, 経つ; the たつ of standing up, 立つ, sounds the same.
- Time passes by itself, so the potential, want, volitional, imperative and passive sentences show たつ beside another verb.
Verbs like this one
The same pattern, on other verbs: godan verb (u-verb).