Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI open | ||
| NegativeI don’t open |
JAPANESE VERB
ひらく
開く
to open, a book
- #367 most used
- Godan verb (u-verb)
Conjugation
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
Past
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI opened | ||
| NegativeI didn’t open |
Te-form
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formopening, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am opening | ||
| Please (て ください)please open |
Potential
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can open | ||
| NegativeI can’t open |
Want to
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to open | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to open |
Volitional
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s open |
Conditional
条件形 · “if” and “when”
- If (ば) if I open
- If, when (たら) if I open
Commands and requests
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
- Do it (なさい) open (do it)
- Plain command open!
- Please don’t please don’t open
Passive and causative
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| PassiveI am opened | ||
| CausativeI make someone open |
How to use ひらく
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
-
Present and future
きょうかしょ の じゅう ページ を ひらきます。
Open your textbooks to page ten.
-
Past
ゆい は はる に ちいさい みせ を ひらいた。
Yui opened a small shop in spring.
-
Te-form
ほん を ひらいて、 いっしょ に よみましょう。
Open your books and let's read together.
-
Potential
この ファイル は パソコン で ひらけます か？
Can this file be opened on a computer?
-
Want to
いつか じぶん の カフェ を ひらきたい です。
One day I want to open my own café.
-
Volitional
あめ だ、 かさ を ひらこう。
It's raining, let's open the umbrellas.
-
Conditional
この ページ を ひらけば、 ちず が あります。
If you open this page, there's a map.
-
Commands and requests
じしょ を ひらいて、 しらべなさい。
Open your dictionary and look it up.
-
Passive and causative
ほん は にじゅう ページ で ひらかれた まま でした。
The book had been left open at page twenty.
Good to know
- ひらく opens a book, an umbrella or a shop; あける opens a door or a box.
Where you hear ひらく
The lessons that teach a form of it, and how they say it.
Japanese · Beginner Level 2
- まいばん きょうかしょ を ひらきます。 I open the textbook every evening.
- きょうかしょ の じゅう ページ を ひらきました。 I opened the textbook at page ten.
- あした、 じゅうに ページ を ひらきます。 Tomorrow I'll open it at page twelve.
Verbs like this one
The same pattern, on other verbs: godan verb (u-verb).