Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI am | ||
| NegativeI am not |
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI am | ||
| NegativeI am not |
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI was | ||
| NegativeI was not |
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formbeing, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am being | ||
| Please (て ください)please be |
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can be | ||
| NegativeI can’t be |
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to be | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to be |
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s be |
条件形 · “if” and “when”
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Passive | ||
| Causative |
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
わたくし は えいぎょうぶ に おります。
I'm in the sales department.
きのう は いちにち じゅう、 じむしょ に おりました。
Yesterday I was in the office all day.
ただいま せき を はずして おります。
He's away from his desk at the moment.
ごご なら、 ずっと かいしゃ に おれます。
In the afternoon, I can be at the office the whole time.
しゅうまつ は、 いえ に おりたい と おもいます。
At the weekend, I'd rather stay at home.
おきゃくさま が いらっしゃる まで、 ここ に おりましょう。
Until the guest comes, I'll stay here.
ほんにん が おれば、 すぐ に おつなぎ します。
If he's here, I'll put you through right away.
しゃちょう が くる まで、 せき に おりなさい。
Stay at your desk until the president comes.
たなか せんせい は、 いま けんきゅうしつ に おられます か?
Is Professor Tanaka in his office now?
The lessons that teach a form of it, and how they say it.
The same pattern, on other verbs: godan verb (u-verb).