Present and future
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI am | ||
| NegativeI am not |
JAPANESE VERB
to be, very politely
Tap any form to hear it. The part that changes is in colour.
now, habits, and what is to come
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI am | ||
| NegativeI am not |
finished actions
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI was | ||
| NegativeI was not |
て形 · joining actions, “doing”, requests
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| て-formbeing, and… | ||
| Doing now (て います)I am being | ||
| Please (て ください)please be |
可能形 · “can”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI can be | ||
| NegativeI can’t be |
たい形 · “want to”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| AffirmativeI want to be | ||
| NegativeI don’t want to be |
意向形 · “let’s”, “I’ll”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Let’slet’s be |
条件形 · “if” and “when”
命令形 · from gentle to blunt
受身形・使役形 · “is done”, “make someone do”
| Form | Polite | Plain |
|---|---|---|
| Passive | ||
| Causative |
One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.
おてあらい は、 にかい に ございます。
The toilets are on the second floor.
せんじつ は、 ほんとう に ありがとう ございました。
Thank you so much for the other day.
その けん は、 わたくし の ふちゅうい で ございまして、 もうしわけ ございません。
That matter was my own carelessness, and I'm very sorry.
にほんご の メニュー しか ございません が、 ごせつめい できます。
We only have a Japanese menu, but I can explain it.
おかいあげ に なりたい ばあい は、 レジ が いっかい に ございます。
If you'd like to buy it, the till is on the first floor.
おきゃくさま の おっしゃる とおり で ございましょう。
It must be just as you say, sir.
ごしつもん が ございましたら、 おきがる に どうぞ。
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask.
おわすれもの が ございません か、 ごかくにん ください。
Please check you haven't left anything behind.
こちら は、 おきゃくさま に よく えらばれる おみやげ で ございます。
This is a gift often chosen by our customers.
The lessons that teach a form of it, and how they say it.
The same pattern, on other verbs: godan verb (u-verb).