HINDI VERB

समझना

to understand

Conjugation

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वर्तमान काल · now and habits: the -ता forms (जाता हूँ)

अपूर्ण वर्तमान · happening right now: रहा, रही, रहे (जा रहा हूँ)

Form	Masculine	Feminine
मैंI am understanding
तुमyou are understanding
आपyou are understanding (politely)
वहhe/she is understanding
हमwe are understanding
वेthey are understanding

सामान्य भूत · finished actions (गया, गई); a transitive verb puts ने on its subject and agrees with its object

Form	Masculine	Feminine
मैंनेI understood (agrees with the object)
तुमनेyou understood (agrees with the object)
आपनेyou understood (agrees with the object) (politely)
उसनेhe/she understood (agrees with the object)
हमनेwe understood (agrees with the object)
उन्होंनेthey understood (agrees with the object)

अपूर्ण भूत · “used to” and “was …ing”: the -ता forms with था (जाता था)

Form	Masculine	Feminine
मैंI used to understand
तुमyou used to understand
आपyou used to understand (politely)
वहhe/she used to understand
हमwe used to understand
वेthey used to understand

भविष्यत् काल · plans and promises (जाऊँगा, जाएंगे)

Form	Masculine	Feminine
मैंI will understand
तुमyou will understand
आपyou will understand (politely)
वहhe/she will understand
हमwe will understand
वेthey will understand

संभावनार्थ · wishes, “shall I”, “so that”: जाऊँ, जाएं

आज्ञार्थ · तू, तुम, आप, and the very polite -इएगा

One sentence for each tense, the way people say it.

Present

मैं हिंदी समझता हूँ, पर धीरे बोलिए.

I understand Hindi, but speak slowly.
Continuous

क्या तुम मेरी बात समझ रहे हो?

Are you following what I'm saying?
Past

मैंने गुप्ता जी का सवाल नहीं समझा.

I didn't understand Gupta ji's question.
Imperfect

पहले मैं एक शब्द नहीं समझती थी.

At first I didn't understand a word.
Future

रोहन यह बात ज़रूर समझेगा.

Rohan will surely understand this.
Subjunctive

धीरे बोलो ताकि दादी जी समझें.

Speak slowly so that Dadi ji understands.
Requests and commands

पहले पूरी बात समझो, फिर जवाब दो.

First understand the whole thing, then answer.