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フランス語 の動詞

devoir

to have to

  • 使用頻度 #12
  • 不規則動詞(-ir)
  • 過去分詞: dû
  • 現在分詞: devant

活用

形をタップすると聞けます。変わる部分に色がついています。

現在

Présent · 今のこと、習慣、事実

  1. je I have to
  2. tu you have to
  3. il, elle, on he/she has to
  4. nous we have to
  5. vous you have to
  6. ils, elles they have to

過去

Passé composé · 終わった動作

  1. je I had to
  2. tu you had to
  3. il, elle, on he/she had to
  4. nous we had to
  5. vous you had to
  6. ils, elles they had to

半過去

Imparfait · 「よく〜した」「〜していた」

  1. je I used to have to
  2. tu you used to have to
  3. il, elle, on he/she used to have to
  4. nous we used to have to
  5. vous you used to have to
  6. ils, elles they used to have to

未来

Futur simple · 予定。話し言葉では「je vais parler」も同じくらい使う

  1. je I will have to
  2. tu you will have to
  3. il, elle, on he/she will have to
  4. nous we will have to
  5. vous you will have to
  6. ils, elles they will have to

条件法

Conditionnel · 「〜だろう」、丁寧な頼み

  1. je I would have to
  2. tu you would have to
  3. il, elle, on he/she would have to
  4. nous we would have to
  5. vous you would have to
  6. ils, elles they would have to

現在接続法

Subjonctif présent · 願い、疑い、「il faut que …」

  1. je (that) I have to
  2. tu (that) you have to
  3. il, elle, on (that) he/she have to
  4. nous (that) we have to
  5. vous (that) you have to
  6. ils, elles (that) they have to

命令形

Impératif · 頼みと命令

  1. tu have to!
  2. nous have to! (let’s)
  3. vous have to! (plural, or formal)

devoir の使い方

それぞれの形につき一文、実際に話される言い方で。

  1. 現在

    Je dois partir, mon train est à six heures.

    I have to go, my train's at six.

  2. 過去

    On a dû attendre une heure sous la pluie.

    We had to wait an hour in the rain.

  3. 半過去

    Il devait venir, mais il a eu un problème.

    He was supposed to come, but he had a problem.

  4. 未来

    Vous devrez montrer votre passeport à l'entrée.

    You'll have to show your passport at the entrance.

  5. 条件法

    Tu devrais aller voir un médecin.

    You should go and see a doctor.

  6. 現在接続法

    Je ne pense pas qu'il doive payer ça.

    I don't think he has to pay that.

  7. 命令形

    Ne dois jamais d'argent à tes amis.

    Never owe money to your friends.

ご参考に

  • Devoir is also to owe: tu me dois dix euros.
  • "Je devrais" is "I should"; "j'aurais dû" is "I should have".

devoir が出てくる場所

その形を教えるレッスンと、そこでの言い方。

フランス語 · 初級レベル2

  • Je dois appeler madame Garnier. I have to call Madame Garnier.
  • J'ai dû appeler un plombier. I had to call a plumber.
  • Vous allez devoir changer le chauffe-eau. You're going to have to change the water heater.

フランス語 · 初級レベル3

  • Je dois en parler à ma banque. I have to talk to my bank about it.
  • J'aurais dû t'appeler. I should have called you.
  • Vous devriez commencer petit. You should start small.

似た動詞

同じパターンの別の動詞:不規則動詞(-ir)。